Survey Methodology Program

Survey Research Center · Institute for Social Research · University of Michigan

The Survey Methodology Program is housed in the Survey Research Center (SRC) at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Since its inception in 1946, SRC has been an important source of innovation in survey research methodology. The Center is recognized for its contributions to the development of new survey methods and for its contributions to a fundamental understanding of the survey process.

Since 1994, research into survey methods and the survey process has been the special focus of the Survey Methodology Program within SRC. In this Working Paper Series, we bring together the published and unpublished papers of the Primary Research Staff affiliated with the Program.

To be added to our mailing list, please send an e-mail message to WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu. with "Mailing List" in the subject line.

A complete list of the SMP Working Papers Series appears below. Where available, abstracts are included. If a paper is unpublished, a PDF file of the paper is available. A copy of published papers may be requested via e-mail by sending a message to WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.

132	N. Schwarz	Retrospective and Concurrent Self-Reports: The Rationale for Real-Time Data Capture	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
131	B. Knauper, N. Schwarz, D. Park	Frequency Reports Across Age Groups (2004)	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
130	R. Valliant	Economic Characteristics of Internet and Non-Internet Users and Implications for Web-based Surveys	PDF File
129	M. Wingler, R. Valliant, F. Scheuren	A Case Study in Record Linkage	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
128	J.M. Brick, M.E. Jones, G. Kalton, R. Valliant	Variance Estimation with Hot Deck Imputation: A Simulation Study of Three Methods	PDF File
127	S. Heeringa, R.M. Groves	Responsive Design for Household Surveys	PDF File
126	A. Diokno, C. Sampselle A. Herzog, TE Raghunathan, K. Messer, S. Hines, C. Karl, M. Leite	Prevention of Urinary Incontinence by Behavioral Modification Program: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Among Older Women in the Community (2004)	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
125	R. Valliant	Variance Estimation for the General Regression Estimator (2003)	Abstract PDF File
124	R. Valliant	The Effect of Multiple Weighting Steps on Variance Estimation (2003)	Abstract PDF File
123	B. Knauper, N. Schwarz, D. Park	Frequency Reports Across Age Groups (2003)	Abstract PDF File
122	E. Singer; J. Van Hoewyk, R. Neugebauer	Attitudes and Behavior: The Impact of Privacy and Confidentiality Concerns on Participation in the 2000 Census Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, 65, No. 3, 2003	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
121	E. Singer; F. Levine	Protection of Human Subjects of Research: Recent Developments and Future Prospects for the Social Sciences Published: Public Opinion Quarterly 67: 148-164, 2003	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
120	E. Singer	Exploring the Meaning of Consent: Participation in Research and Beliefs about Risks and Benefits Published: Journal of Official Statistics, Fall 2003	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
119	R. Tourangeau, F. Conrad, M.P. Couper	Spacing, Position and Order: Interpretive Heuristics for Visual Features of Survey Questions (2003)	Abstract PDF File
118	R. Tourangeau, M.P. Couper, F. Conrad	The Impact of the Visible: Images, Spacing and Other Visual Cues in Web Surveys (2003)	Abstract PDF File
117	B. Knauper, N. Schwarz, A. Fritsch	The Perils of Interpreting Cohort Differences in Attitude Reports: Question Order Effects Decrease with Age (2003)	Abstract PDF File
116	H. Schuman	Clifford Gertz and the Interpretive Attitude Survey Published: Newsletter of the Sociology of Culture Section of the American Sociological Association Spring 2003; Vol. 17, pp. 7-8	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
115	M.P. Couper	New Technologies and Survey Data Collection: Challenges and Opportunities (2002)	Abstract PDF File
114	M. Krysan, M.P. Couper	Using Virtual and Live Interviewers to Explore Race of Interviewer Effects and Features of Inter-Racial Attitudes and Interaction (2001)	Abstract PDF File
113	H. Schuman, A. Vinokur V. Vinitzky-Seroussi	Keeping the Past Alive: Memories of Israeli Jews at the Turn of the Millenium (2001)	Abstract PDF File
112	E. Igou, H. Bless, N. Schwarz	Making Sense of Standardizing Survey Questions: The Influence of Reference Periods and their Repetition Published: Communication Monographs, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 179-187, June 2002	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
111	J.M. Lepkowski, K.E. Davis, K. Winfrey, R. Tourangeau, R.M. Groves	Coverage, Nonresponse, and Cost Tradeoffs Using a One-Question Screener for Age Eligibility in Household Surveys (2001)	PDF File
110	H. Schuman	Sample Surveys: Survey Design Issues and Strategies Published: International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Edited by N. Smelser and P. Baltes, Vol. 20, H 13470-5, 2001.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
109	H. Schuman	The Perils of Coorelation, the Lure of Labels and the Beauty of Negative Results Published: Racialized Politics: The Debate About Racism in America. Edited by D. Sears, J. Sidanius, and L. Bobo, 2000	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
108	H. Schuman	Survey Research Published: Encyclopedia of Sociology 2000. Vol.5. Edited by E. Borgatta and R. Montgomery	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
107	S. Kim, J.M. Lepkowski	Telephone Household Non-Coverage and Mobile Telephones (2001)	PDF File
106	H. Schuman	From Vietnam Until Today (2002)	PDF File
105	C. Tucker, J.M. Lepkowski, L. Piekarski	List-Assisted Sampling: The Effect of Telephone System Changes on Design (2001)	Abstract PDF File
104	H. Schuman	Student's Efforts and Reward in College Settings Published: Sociology of Education 2001, Vol. 74, January: 73-74	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
103	H. Schuman, M. Krysan	A Historical Note on White's Beliefs About Racial Inequality Published: American Sociological Review, Vol. 64, December: 847:855, 1999.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
102	H. Schuman	Sense and Nonsense about Surveys Published: Contexts, Summer 2002 Edition	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
101	N. Schwarz, D. Oyserman	Asking Questions About Behavior: Cognition, Communication, and Questionnaire Construction Published: American Journal of Evaluation, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2001, pp. 127-160	Abstract
100	T. E. Raghunathan, D. B. Rubin	Multivariate Imputation for Statistical Disclosure Limitation (2001)	PDF File
099	S. G. Heeringa, R.J.A.Little, T. E. Raghunathan	Multivariate Imputation of Coarsened Survey Data on Household Wealth (1997)	PDF File
098	R. F. Belli, J. M. Lepkowski, M. U. Kabeto	The Respective Roles of Cognitive Processing Difficulty and Conversational Rapport on the Accuracy of Retrospective Reports of Doctor’s Office Visits (1999)	PDF File
097	R. F. Belli, P. S. Weiss, J. M. Lepkowski	Dynamics of Survey Interviewing and the Quality of Survey Reports: Age Comparisons Published: Schwarz, N., Park, D., Knäuper, B., Cognition, Aging, and Self-Reports, Philadelphia: Psychology Press, Chapter 15, pp. 285-302, 1999.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
096	R. F. Belli, A. R. Herzog, J. Van Hoewyk	Scale Simplification of Expectations for Survival: Cognitive Ability and the Quality of Survey Responses Published: Cognitive Technology, Volume 4, Number 2, pp.29-38, 1999.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
095	K. A. Cooney, M. S. Strawderman, K. J. Wojno, K. M. Doerr, A. Taylor, K. H. Alcser, S. G. Heeringa, J. M. G. Taylor, J. T. Well, J. E. Montie, D. Schottenfeld	Age-Specific Distribution of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen in a Community-Based Study of African-American Men Published: Urology, Volume 57, Number 1, pp. 91-96, 2001.	Abstract
094	T. E. Raghunathan	A Bayesian Approach for Finite Population Inference with Nonignorable Nonresponse (2000)	Abstract PDF File
093	T. E. Raghhunathan, S. M. Patil, J. T. Shope	Weighting Adjustments for Attrition: An Evaluation (2000)	Abstract PDF File
092	E. Singer, R. A. Kulka	Paying Respondents for Survey Participation (2000)	PDF File
091	E. Singer	Ethical Aspects in Polling and Surveys (2000)	PDF File
090	S. Haberstroh, D. Oyserman, N. Schwarz, U. Kühnen, L. Ji	Is the Interdependent Self More Sensitive to Question Context than the Independent Self? (2001) Published: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 38, pp. 223-329 (2002)	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
089	R. M. Groves, E. Singer, A. Corning	Leverage-Saliency Theory of Survey Participation: Description and an Illustration Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 64: 299-308, 2000.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
088	R. F. Belli, W. L. Shay, F. P. Stafford	Event History Calendars and Question List Surveys: A Direct Comparison of Interviewing Methods Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 65:45-74, 2001.	Abstract
087	R. Curtin, S. Presser, E. Singer	The Effects of Response Rate Changes on the Index of Consumer Sentiment Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 64:413-428, 2001.	Abstract
086	S. O. Tergan, B. Knäuper, S. P. Ballstaedt	A Cognitive Approach to Psychodiagnosis Based on Verbal Data (2001)	Abstract PDF File
085	N. Schwarz, B. Knäuper, D. Park	Aging, Cognition, and Context Effects: How Differential Context Effects Invite Misleading Conclusions About Cohort Differences Published: Statistics Sweden (Ed.), Official Statistics in a Changing World, Stockholm: Statistics Sweden, pp. 125-132, 1999.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
084	B. Knäuper, P. A. Turner	Measuring Health: Improving the Validity of Health Assessments (2000)	PDF File
083	S. G. Heeringa, K. H. Alcser, K. Doerr, M. Strawderman, K. Cooney, B. Medbery, D. Schottenfeld	Potential Selection Bias in a Community-Based Study of PSA Levels in African-American Men (2000)	Abstract PDF File
082	R. F. Belli, M. W. Traugott, M. Young, K. McGonagle	Reducing Vote Overreporting in Surveys: Social Desirability, Memory Failure, and Source Monitoring Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 63:90-108, 1999.	Abstract
081	T. Raghunathan, J. M. Lepkowski, J. Van Hoewyk, P. Solenberger	A Multivariate Technique for Multiply Imputing Missing Values Using a Sequence of Regression Models (2001)	Abstract PDF File
080	T. Raghunathan, G. D. Paulin, J. Van Hoewyk	Multiple Imputation of Income in the Consumer Expenditure Survey: Evaluation of Statistical Inferences (2001)	PDF File
079	R. C. Kessler, H. U. Wittchen, J. M. Abelson, K. McGonagle, N. Schwarz, K. S. Kendler, B. Knäuper, S. Zhao	Methodological studies of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) in the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) Published: International Journal of Methods in Psychological Research, Volume 7, Number 1, pp. 33-35, 1998.	Abstract
078	H. Schuman, A. Corning	Collective Knowledge of Public Events: The Soviet Era from the Great Purge to Glasnost Published: American Journal of Sociology, Volume 105, Number 4: 913-956, 2000.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
077	M. P. Couper	Web Surveys: A Review of Issues and Approaches Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 64: 464-494, 2000.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
076	J. M. Lepkowski, M. P. Couper, S. E. Hansen, W. Landers, K. G. McGonagle, J. Schlegel, T. Wright, and F. Chevarley	CAPI Instrument Evaluation: Behavior Coding, Trace Files, and Usability Methods (1998)	PDF File
075	J. M. Lepkowski, V. Siu, J. Fisher	Event History Analysis of Interviewer and Respondent Survey Behavior (2000)	Abstract PDF File
074	N. Schwarz, G. Bohner	The Construction of Attitudes Published: Tesser, A. and Schwarz, Norbert, Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Intraindividual Processes, Volume 1, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 436-457, 2001.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
073	L. Ji, N. Schwarz, R. E. Nisbett	Culture, Autobiographical Memory, and Behavioral Frequency Reports: Measurement Issues in Cross-Cultural Studies Published: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Volume 26, pp. 585-594, 2000.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
072	N. Schwarz	Self-Reports: How the Questions Shape the Answers Published: American Psychologist, Volume 54, pp. 93-105, 1999.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
071	B. Knäuper	Filter Questions and Question Interpretation Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 62:70-78, 1998.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
070	B. Knäuper, C. F. Cannell, N. Schwarz, M. L. Bruce, and R. C. Kessler	Improving Accuracy of Major Depression Age-of-Onset Reports in the US National Comorbidity Survey Published: International Journal of Methods in Psychological Research, Volume 8, Number 1, pp. 39-48, 1999.	Abstract
069	N. Schwarz, C. E. Grayson, B. Knäuper	Formal Features of Rating Scales and the Interpretation of Question Meaning Published: International Journal of Public Opinion Research, Volume 10, Number 2, pp. 177-183, 1998.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
068	B. Knäuper, R. F. Belli, D. H. Hill, A. R. Herzog	Question Difficulty and Respondents’ Cognitive Ability: The Effect on Data Quality Published: Journal of Official Statistics, Volume 13, Number 2, pp. 181-199, 1997.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
067	P. Winkielman, B. Knäuper, N. Schwarz	Looking Back at Anger: Reference Periods Change the Interpretation of Emotion Frequency Questions Published: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Volume 75, Number 3, pp. 719-728, 1998.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
066	D. A. Regier, C. T. Kaelber, D. S. Rae, M. E. Farmer, B. Knäuper, R. C. Kessler, G. S. Norquist	Limitations of Diagnostic Criteria and Assessment Instruments for Mental Disorders Published: Archives of General Psychiatry, Volume 55, February 1998.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
065	H. Schuman, H. Akiyama, B. Knäuper	Collective Memories of German and Japanese About the Past Half-Century Published: Memory, 6(4), pp. 427-454, 1998	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
064	N. Schwarz, B. Knäuper	Cognitive Aging Published (as “Cognition, Aging, and Self-Reports”): Park, D. and Schwarz N. (eds.), Cognitive Aging. A Primer, Philadelphia: Psychology Press, pp. 233-252, 1998.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
063	B. Knäuper	Age Differences in Question and Response Order Effects Published: Schwarz, N., Park, D., Knäuper, B., Cognition, Aging, and Self-Reports, Philadelphia: Psychology Press, Chapter 17, pp. 341-361, 1998.	Paper available via email: WorkingPapers@isr.umich.edu.
062	B. Knäuper	The Impact of Age and Education on Response Order Effects in Attitude Measurement Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 63:347-370, 1999.	Abstract
061	E. Singer, J. Van Hoewyk, M. P. Maher	Does the Payment of Incentives Create Expectation Effects? Published: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 62:152-164, 1998.	&n

SMP Survey Methodology Program